激光粉末融合期间的局部热史（LPBF）过程中的局部热历史的变化可以引起微孔缺陷。已经提出了原位传感来监测AM过程以最大限度地减少缺陷，但成功需要在感测数据和孔隙率之间建立定量关系，这对于大量变量和计算昂贵尤其具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们开发了机器学习（ML）型号，可以使用原位热度显数据来预测LPBF不锈钢材料的微孔。这项工作考虑了来自热历史的两个识别的关键特征：高于表观熔化阈值（/ TAU）和最大辐射（T_ {MAX}）的时间。计算这些功能，为每个体素存储在内置材料中，用作输入。每个体素的二进制状态，无缺陷或正常，是输出。针对二进制分类任务培训并测试不同的ML模型。除了使用每个体素的热特征来预测其自己的状态之外，还包括相邻体素的热特征作为输入。这被示出了提高预测精度，这与各个体素周围的热传输物理符合其最终状态。在培训的模型中，试验组上的F1分数达到0.96，对于随机森林。基于ML模型的特征重要性分析表明T_ {MAX}对Voxel州比/ Tau更重要。分析还发现本发明体素上方的体素的热历史比它下方的血管素更有影响力。

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) refers to clinician-performed and interpreted ultrasonography at the patient's bedside. Interpreting these images requires a high level of expertise, which may not be available during emergencies. In this paper, we support POCUS by developing classifiers that can aid medical professionals by diagnosing whether or not a patient has pneumothorax. We decomposed the task into multiple steps, using YOLOv4 to extract relevant regions of the video and a 3D sparse coding model to represent video features. Given the difficulty in acquiring positive training videos, we trained a small-data classifier with a maximum of 15 positive and 32 negative examples. To counteract this limitation, we leveraged subject matter expert (SME) knowledge to limit the hypothesis space, thus reducing the cost of data collection. We present results using two lung ultrasound datasets and demonstrate that our model is capable of achieving performance on par with SMEs in pneumothorax identification. We then developed an iOS application that runs our full system in less than 4 seconds on an iPad Pro, and less than 8 seconds on an iPhone 13 Pro, labeling key regions in the lung sonogram to provide interpretable diagnoses.

我们提出了一个将张量网络（TN）方法与加固学习（RL）集成的框架，以解决动态优化任务。我们考虑RL Actor-Critic方法，这是一种解决RL问题的无模型方法，并将TNS作为其政策和价值功能的近似值。我们的“带有张量网络的参与者评论”（ACTEN）方法特别适合具有大型和可分解状态和动作空间的问题。为了说明ACTEN的适用性，我们解决了在两个范式随机模型中对稀有轨迹进行指定的艰巨任务，East模型的眼镜和不对称的简单排除过程（ASEP），后者由于对其他方法特别具有挑战性缺乏详细的平衡。在与现有的RL方法中进一步集成的巨大潜力，此处介绍的方法对物理应用程序的应用和多代理RL问题都有希望。

我们研究了一类最能列举\ emph {银行贷款}问题的分类问题，贷方决定是否签发贷款。贷款人只会观察客户是否会偿还贷款，如果贷款开始，因此建模的决定会影响贷方可供未来决定提供的数据。因此，贷方的算法可以通过自我实现模型来“陷入困境”。此模型永远不会纠正其假底片，因为它永远不会看到拒绝数据的真实标签，从而累积无限遗憾。在线性模型的情况下，可以通过将乐观直接添加到模型预测中来解决这个问题。但是，几乎没有使用深神经网络延伸到函数近似情况的方法。我们呈现伪标签乐观（PLOT），概念上和计算的简单方法，适用于DNN的此设置。 \ plot {}为当前模型决定的决策点的乐观标签添加了乐观的标签，迄今为止列出了所有数据的模型（包括这些点以及它们的乐观标签），最后使用\ emph {乐观}决策模型。 \ plot {}在一组三个具有挑战性的基准问题上实现了竞争性能，需要最小的HyperParameter调整。我们还显示\绘图{}满足LipsChitz和Logistic均值标签模型的对数遗憾保证，并在数据的可分离状态下。

There are multiple scales of abstraction from which we can describe the same image, depending on whether we are focusing on fine-grained details or a more global attribute of the image. In brain mapping, learning to automatically parse images to build representations of both small-scale features (e.g., the presence of cells or blood vessels) and global properties of an image (e.g., which brain region the image comes from) is a crucial and open challenge. However, most existing datasets and benchmarks for neuroanatomy consider only a single downstream task at a time. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset, annotations, and multiple downstream tasks that provide diverse ways to readout information about brain structure and architecture from the same image. Our multi-task neuroimaging benchmark (MTNeuro) is built on volumetric, micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography images spanning a large thalamocortical section of mouse brain, encompassing multiple cortical and subcortical regions. We generated a number of different prediction challenges and evaluated several supervised and self-supervised models for brain-region prediction and pixel-level semantic segmentation of microstructures. Our experiments not only highlight the rich heterogeneity of this dataset, but also provide insights into how self-supervised approaches can be used to learn representations that capture multiple attributes of a single image and perform well on a variety of downstream tasks. Datasets, code, and pre-trained baseline models are provided at: https://mtneuro.github.io/ .

The purpose of this work was to tackle practical issues which arise when using a tendon-driven robotic manipulator with a long, passive, flexible proximal section in medical applications. A separable robot which overcomes difficulties in actuation and sterilization is introduced, in which the body containing the electronics is reusable and the remainder is disposable. A control input which resolves the redundancy in the kinematics and a physical interpretation of this redundancy are provided. The effect of a static change in the proximal section angle on bending angle error was explored under four testing conditions for a sinusoidal input. Bending angle error increased for increasing proximal section angle for all testing conditions with an average error reduction of 41.48% for retension, 4.28% for hysteresis, and 52.35% for re-tension + hysteresis compensation relative to the baseline case. Two major sources of error in tracking the bending angle were identified: time delay from hysteresis and DC offset from the proximal section angle. Examination of these error sources revealed that the simple hysteresis compensation was most effective for removing time delay and re-tension compensation for removing DC offset, which was the primary source of increasing error. The re-tension compensation was also tested for dynamic changes in the proximal section and reduced error in the final configuration of the tip by 89.14% relative to the baseline case.

Compliance in actuation has been exploited to generate highly dynamic maneuvers such as throwing that take advantage of the potential energy stored in joint springs. However, the energy storage and release could not be well-timed yet. On the contrary, for multi-link systems, the natural system dynamics might even work against the actual goal. With the introduction of variable stiffness actuators, this problem has been partially addressed. With a suitable optimal control strategy, the approximate decoupling of the motor from the link can be achieved to maximize the energy transfer into the distal link prior to launch. However, such continuous stiffness variation is complex and typically leads to oscillatory swing-up motions instead of clear launch sequences. To circumvent this issue, we investigate decoupling for speed maximization with a dedicated novel actuator concept denoted Bi-Stiffness Actuation. With this, it is possible to fully decouple the link from the joint mechanism by a switch-and-hold clutch and simultaneously keep the elastic energy stored. We show that with this novel paradigm, it is not only possible to reach the same optimal performance as with power-equivalent variable stiffness actuation, but even directly control the energy transfer timing. This is a major step forward compared to previous optimal control approaches, which rely on optimizing the full time-series control input.

The previous fine-grained datasets mainly focus on classification and are often captured in a controlled setup, with the camera focusing on the objects. We introduce the first Fine-Grained Vehicle Detection (FGVD) dataset in the wild, captured from a moving camera mounted on a car. It contains 5502 scene images with 210 unique fine-grained labels of multiple vehicle types organized in a three-level hierarchy. While previous classification datasets also include makes for different kinds of cars, the FGVD dataset introduces new class labels for categorizing two-wheelers, autorickshaws, and trucks. The FGVD dataset is challenging as it has vehicles in complex traffic scenarios with intra-class and inter-class variations in types, scale, pose, occlusion, and lighting conditions. The current object detectors like yolov5 and faster RCNN perform poorly on our dataset due to a lack of hierarchical modeling. Along with providing baseline results for existing object detectors on FGVD Dataset, we also present the results of a combination of an existing detector and the recent Hierarchical Residual Network (HRN) classifier for the FGVD task. Finally, we show that FGVD vehicle images are the most challenging to classify among the fine-grained datasets.

With an ever-growing number of parameters defining increasingly complex networks, Deep Learning has led to several breakthroughs surpassing human performance. As a result, data movement for these millions of model parameters causes a growing imbalance known as the memory wall. Neuromorphic computing is an emerging paradigm that confronts this imbalance by performing computations directly in analog memories. On the software side, the sequential Backpropagation algorithm prevents efficient parallelization and thus fast convergence. A novel method, Direct Feedback Alignment, resolves inherent layer dependencies by directly passing the error from the output to each layer. At the intersection of hardware/software co-design, there is a demand for developing algorithms that are tolerable to hardware nonidealities. Therefore, this work explores the interrelationship of implementing bio-plausible learning in-situ on neuromorphic hardware, emphasizing energy, area, and latency constraints. Using the benchmarking framework DNN+NeuroSim, we investigate the impact of hardware nonidealities and quantization on algorithm performance, as well as how network topologies and algorithm-level design choices can scale latency, energy and area consumption of a chip. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to compare the impact of different learning algorithms on Compute-In-Memory-based hardware and vice versa. The best results achieved for accuracy remain Backpropagation-based, notably when facing hardware imperfections. Direct Feedback Alignment, on the other hand, allows for significant speedup due to parallelization, reducing training time by a factor approaching N for N-layered networks.

The SINDy algorithm has been successfully used to identify the governing equations of dynamical systems from time series data. In this paper, we argue that this makes SINDy a potentially useful tool for causal discovery and that existing tools for causal discovery can be used to dramatically improve the performance of SINDy as tool for robust sparse modeling and system identification. We then demonstrate empirically that augmenting the SINDy algorithm with tools from causal discovery can provides engineers with a tool for learning causally robust governing equations.